Pension Building Timeline, 1881–1985

1881 – A New Federal Need
After the Civil War, the number of Union veterans seeking pensions grows significantly. In response, Congress commissions a dedicated federal building. U.S. Army Quartermaster General Montgomery C. Meigs is appointed architect and engineer, marking this as his final and most important architectural project.

1882 – Construction Begins
Meigs designs the building to be functional and promote health, incorporating natural light and air circulation. He selects brick for its affordability, fire resistance, and durability, and hires skilled bricklayers to achieve the exterior’s clean, consistent appearance.

1885 – A Dual Purpose
Though still under construction, the building hosts its first major public event: President Grover Cleveland’s inaugural ball.

1887 – Completion and Classical Inspiration
Construction wraps up. The exterior design is modeled on the Palazzo Farnese in Rome, while the interior’s arcaded galleries echo the Palazzo della Cancelleria.

1930 – New Tenants
The U.S. General Accounting Office moves into the building, shifting its function while maintaining its role as a federal workplace.

1967 – A Preservation Proposal
As the building ages, the government considers taking it down. Architect Chloethiel Woodard Smith recommends repurposing the building as a museum dedicated to architecture and the building arts.

1969 – Recognized for Its Significance
The building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, officially recognizing its historical and architectural importance.

1980 – A Museum Designated by Congress
An Act of Congress designates the building as the future home of a museum focused on American achievements in architecture, engineering, and construction.

1985 – National Historic Landmark
The Pension Building receives National Historic Landmark status, solidifying its legacy and securing its place in the story of Washington, D.C.